By Paul P. Mariani
ISBN-10: 0674061535
ISBN-13: 9780674061538
By 1952 the chinese language Communist get together had suppressed all geared up resistance to its regime and stood unopposed, or so it's been believed. inner get together documents―declassified simply lengthy sufficient for historian Paul Mariani to ship copies out of China―disclose that one staff deemed an enemy of the kingdom held out after the others had fallen. a celebration file from Shanghai marked “top-secret” finds a decided, frequently brave resistance through the neighborhood Catholic Church. Drawing on centuries of expertise in being affected by the chinese language professionals, the Church used to be proving a obdurate fit for the party.
Mariani tells the tale of ways Bishop (later Cardinal) Ignatius Kung Pinmei, the Jesuits, and the Catholic adolescence resisted the regime’s punishing attack at the Shanghai Catholic neighborhood and refused to give up the pope and the Church in Rome. performing clandestinely, mirroring strategies utilized by the formerly underground CCP, Shanghai’s Catholics continued until eventually 1955, while the celebration arrested Kung and 1,200 different best Catholics. The imprisoned believers have been later surprised to profit that the betrayal had come from inside of their very own ranks.
Though the CCP couldn't remove the Catholic Church in China, it succeeded in dividing it. Mariani’s mystery background lines the origins of a deep break up within the chinese language Catholic group, the place kinfolk among the “Patriotic” and underground church buildings stay strained even today.
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Additional info for Church Militant: Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai
Sample text
At the end of the day, these reparations, European contributions, and profit from real estate all fueled the continued construction boom. Thus, in Shanghai, an observatory was built (1871), St. 44 By 1900, the condition of the Catholic Church in the country as a whole was rather robust; its population had grown to seven hundred thousand, a sevenfold increase in the course of the nineteenth century. There were nine hundred foreign male missionaries and 470 Chinese priests. Then came the Boxer Rebellion in the same year which ravaged churches in northern China: over thirty thousand Christians (both Catholic and Protestant), five bishops, forty priests, and many religious sisters were killed.
Through his efforts and those of Vincent Lebbe, a Belgian missionary, the fi rst six Chinese priests in modern times were ordained bishops in 1926. It was a grand gesture as Pope Pius XI himself consecrated them in St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. One of the new bishops was the Shanghai native Simon Zhu (Tsu) Kaimin (1868–1960). The indigenization of the Chinese hierarchy had begun. Even so, the vicar apostolic of Shanghai was still a French Jesuit. August Haouisée led the region from 1930 to 1948.
Leftist adventurism,” an attempt to push the revolution forward too rapidly, was denounced inside the party. The reasons? First, the CCP grew increasingly sensitive to world opinion. Second, as the PLA rapidly gained territory, it did not yet have time to indoctrinate the masses against religion. ”48 In short, the new CCP policy was to avoid creating martyrs. More sophisticated methods were brought to bear. At fi rst, it was enough to limit the movement of the foreign clergy, a policy already implemented in Shanghai’s neighboring regions.
Church Militant: Bishop Kung and Catholic Resistance in Communist Shanghai by Paul P. Mariani
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