By Dan Hooper
ISBN-10: 0061130338
ISBN-13: 9780061130335
Everyone understands that there are issues not anyone can see, for instance, the air you're respiring or a black gap, to be extra unique. yet no longer we all know that what we will see makes up basically five percentage of the Universe. the remaining is completely invisible to us.
The invisible stuff is available in varieties—dark subject and darkish strength. One holds the Universe jointly whereas the opposite tears it aside. What those forces fairly are has been a secret for so long as an individual has suspected they have been there, however the newest discoveries of experimental physics have introduced us toward that wisdom. Particle physicist Dan Hooper takes his readers, with wit, grace, and a willing knack for explaining the hardest rules technology has to provide, on a quest few might ever have anticipated: to find what makes up our darkish cosmos.
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Additional resources for Dark Cosmos: In Search of Our Universe's Missing Mass and Energy
Example text
Thus the trajectory of light is altered when it passes by heavy objects, such as stars. When Einstein’s general theory of relativity was first published, the only very massive objects that were known were also very bright, such as the Sun. The Sun’s brightness, however, makes it next to impossible to see any light rays being bent as they pass close by. To test Einstein’s theory, a very massive, nearby dim object was needed. Fortunately, on May 29, 1919, exactly such an object was in the sky, for on that day a total solar eclipse provided an opportunity to use the Sun as a gravitational deflector of light, with its own brightness largely concealed by the moon.
One would be a particle of matter, such as an electron. The other would be a particle of antimatter, such as the positive version of the electron, called a positron. When such particles pop into existence in most parts of the Universe, the matter and antimatter particles quickly annihilate each other and thus do not violate the law of conservation of energy for more than a fraction of a second. When particles appear at the edge of a black hole, however, it is possible for one of the two to travel away from the black hole, eventually escaping, while the other is pulled back in.
Just as a figure skater spins faster when she pulls her arms and legs in toward her body, a star spins more rapidly after it collapses. A neutron star formed in such a collapse can rotate hundreds or thousands of times per second. be able to resist the force of its own gravity, and it will collapse further, becoming a bizarre object known as a black hole. The concept of black holes has a long history, extending back to at least the eighteenth century, when an English geologist named John Mitchell showed that if an object was sufficiently massive and dense, gravity would become so strong that even light could not escape from it.
Dark Cosmos: In Search of Our Universe's Missing Mass and Energy by Dan Hooper
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