By Patrick Llerena, Mireille Matt
ISBN-10: 3540255818
ISBN-13: 9783540255819
ISBN-10: 3540264523
ISBN-13: 9783540264521
The most underlining conviction, in the course of the booklet, is the significance of dynamical and systemic techniques to innovation rules. the 1st a part of the e-book presents the theoretical heritage for the next extra empirical contributions. within the moment half, a chain of 3 papers examine every one the advance or diffusion of a particular know-how built within the body of a procurement coverage. They clarify the good fortune of mission-oriented rules (the improvement of electronic switching platforms within the telecom zone, the improvement of high-speed trains in Germany and the diffusion of army technologies). the 3 papers inside the 3rd half discover the impression of incentive instruments (R&D tax credit, R&D cooperative agreements and university-industry kin) at the innovation prospects of businesses and of monetary structures (regions).
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Additional resources for Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy: Theory and Practice
Example text
Another classification of S&T policy orientations is to distinguish between mission and diffusionoriented policies (Ergas 1987). At first sight, mission-oriented policy appears to be more connected to the NC framework, while diffusion-oriented policy is more rooted in the evolutionary constructivist one. However, there may be circumstances in which the concentration of support for a small number of technologies, and for larger firms, is the best way to develop cognitive capacities and enlarge the knowledge base.
Or on the demand side (by ordering iimovative outputs - products, processes, techniques or whatever - to firms, or helping agents to buy such outputs), in order to reduce, or more evenly distribute, the uncertainty and the risk and to reduce the cost for innovative firms. By "substitute", we mean that public action takes over from the private action that would have been required in order to reach the social optimum. The basic assumption here is that the cost savings for firms will compensate for their losses from externalities; the amount invested by the State, therefore, should not be larger than the sum of the externalities; - promote mechanisms or regulations to remove or diminish externalities or facilitate their internalization in the agent's optimizing calculations: • to provide a property right to the innovator on his technology as a compensation for generating knowledge externality (this rewarding role of patents being closely linked to their protection role, which is probably more important); • to promote cooperation between users and producers of technology (vertical cooperation) to share market externalities, and costs and diminish the uncertainty; • to promote cooperation between producers of technology (horizontal cooperation) to share knowledge externalities and share the costs and the risks associated with the production of technology.
As this alternative and hypothetical situation must be comparable with an evaluation of the actual or anticipated situation "with" State policy, both must logically be analyzed at the same level. Another question relates to the temporal dimension: the time horizon over which the additonality is examined. "One-off differences" or shortterm differences are one thing; probably what is more crucial is the persistence of these differences (decreasing or increasing) over time. 2 Different Concepts of Additionality For a long time, debate ranged about how to analyze policy action as a means of providing inputs to the innovative process resulting (or not) in outputs from the process.
Innovation Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy: Theory and Practice by Patrick Llerena, Mireille Matt
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