By Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
ISBN-10: 1856177440
ISBN-13: 9781856177443
This well timed booklet presents authoritative, complete, and easy-to-follow assurance of the elemental innovations and useful suggestions at the use of strategy integration to maximise the potency and sustainability of business processes.
Over the earlier 3 a long time, major advances were made in treating, designing, and working chemical strategies as built-in platforms. even if you're a approach engineer, an business selection maker, or a researcher, this publication might be an necessary source software for systematically bettering technique functionality and constructing novel and sustainable strategy designs. The ebook can be excellent to be used as a textual content in an higher point undergraduate or an introductory graduate direction on method layout and sustainability.
This flooring breaking reference complements and reconciles quite a few procedure and sustainability pursuits, equivalent to fee effectiveness, yield development, strength potency, and toxins prevention. The particular instruments and functions inside of are written by way of one of many world’s most desirable procedure integration and layout specialists and should prevent time and money.
- Contains state of the art approach integration techniques and functions together with graphical, algebraic, and mathematical techniques
- Covers purposes that come with strategy economics, focusing on for conservation of mass and effort, synthesis of cutting edge strategies, retrofitting of current structures, layout and overview of renewable power structures, and in-process pollutants prevention
- Presents basics and step by step systems that may be utilized to the layout and optimization of recent procedures besides the retrofitting and operation of current methods, in addition to together with a number of examples and case experiences for a wide array of commercial structures and processes
Read Online or Download Sustainable Design Through Process Integration. Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement PDF
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Extra info for Sustainable Design Through Process Integration. Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement
Sample text
The AOC and the annual sales at the BEP can be expressed in terms of XBEP as 100*XBEP and 485*XBEP, respectively. At the BEP, the annual expenses are equal to the annual sales. Therefore, 300*106 10*106 10 $30MM/yr Therefore, The annual fixed charges of the process AFC Fixed operating cost 30*106 20*106 $50MM/yr 50*106 100*XBEP 485*XBEP Solving for XBEP, we get The variable annual operating cost at maximum production capacity is obtained as follows: XBEP ϭ 129, 870 tonne/yr AOCmax ϭ $100 /tonne*200, 000 tonne/yr ϭ $20MM/yr Therefore, the on-stream efficiency at the BEP is (129,870/200,000)*100% 65%.
The reality, however, is that it is unlikely for a process to operate at maximum production capacity. Operational problems as well as preventive and responsive maintenance activities result in turnaround periods during which the process is shut down 32 Sustainable Design Through Process Integration Example 2-11 Break-even production rate A process has an FCI of $310 MM. The recovery period for depreciating the FCI is taken to be 10 years. The salvage value of the process is $10 MM. In addition to the AFC (depreciation), other fixed charges include $20 MM/yr of fixed operating costs for the process (property taxes, insurance, production-independent salaries, and so on).
Above 2000 tonne/day, the biomass will have to be hauled from a long distance. The higher the biomass demand, the larger the cost of transportation per tonne of biomass. 4*(Flow rate of biomass in tonne/day (Flow rate of biomass in tonne/day) SOLUTION 1. 12MM/yr Let Chydrogen min be the minimum selling price of hydrogen ($/kg) needed to break even at full production rate. 01 MM kg H2 per year. 73/kg H2 Chydrogen min ϭ 2. Let us write the FCI as a function of plant size expressed in terms of flow rate of biomass feedstock.
Sustainable Design Through Process Integration. Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement by Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
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