By R. Butterwick
ISBN-10: 0333773829
ISBN-13: 9780333773826
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is frequently thought of an 'aberration' the place monarchy used to be diminished by way of the the Aristocracy to impotence, and which used to be for this reason partitioned. even though, historians' reappraisal of monarchy in early smooth Europe demands a reconsideration of the level of Polish-Lithuanian 'divergence'. The essays of this assortment determine the establishment and notion of monarchy in a single of Europe's greatest and such a lot missed states. it's going to entice all these drawn to early glossy historical past.
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Extra info for The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500-1795
Example text
While the dichotomy between `absolutism' and `anarchy' has been discredited, it would also be unrealistic to claim that Poland-Lithuania remained simply one composite, limited monarchy among others. That may have been true for the Jagiellon dominions in the early sixteenth century, but the creation in 1569±73 of the Commonwealth, with its single, sovereign parliament and single elective throne, distinguished Poland-Lithuania from all other large continental polities. Probably the most similar, as R.
The institution of the kwarta (quarter) system in the 1560s held out the prospect that the holders of Crown estates would pay for the upkeep of the army and keep the monarchy solvent, but Stephen BaÂthory and Introduction 17 Sigismund III failed to secure their nominal three-fifths of the net revenues, leaving the monarch dependent on the `table lands' set aside for his own use and other regalia such as the income from salt mines and certain customs duties. Moreover, the kwarta was systematically applied to Lithuania only from 1632 and, most seriously of all, the system was flawed by under-assessment of the value of the estates (compounded by severe price inflation).
Until a very late stage, Royal Prussian historians and ideologues nevertheless drew back from some of the more extreme republican implications of European revolts such as the Castilian comuneros; although Prussia had thrown off the Teutonic yoke in 1454, in doing so it had voluntarily accepted the legal rule of Polish kings within a forma mixta. Karin Friedrich, The Other Prussia: Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569±1772 (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 114±20 and passim. Cf. Koenigsberger, `Republicanism, Monarchism and Liberty'.
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500-1795 by R. Butterwick
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