By C. Elder, A. Brown, N. Iwashita, E. Grove, K. Hill, T. Lumley, T. McNamara, K. O'Loughlin
ISBN-10: 0521772540
ISBN-13: 9780521772549
ISBN-10: 0521775760
ISBN-13: 9780521775762
This Festschrift brings jointly 28 invited papers surveying the cutting-edge in language checking out. The papers, via key figures within the box of language checking out, conceal matters starting from try build definition to the layout and purposes of language exams, together with their value as a way of exploring greater concerns in language educating, language studying and language coverage. the quantity locates paintings in language evaluate in a context of social, political and moral concerns at a time while trying out is more and more anticipated to be publicly dependable. It is hence fairly applicable as a tribute to Alan Davies, whose paintings during this box because the Nineteen Sixties has been marked by means of its conceptual energy and social responsiveness, looking always to elucidate and problem present perform and new tendencies.
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Extra resources for Experimenting with Uncertainty: Essays in Honour of Alan Davies: Studies in Language Testing
Example text
E. ), the concept that Gramsci used to analyse the class nature of the state in capitalism. The ideational plays a particularly strong role in cementing the subjective unity of the historic bloc through the articulation of political convictions and programmes. Does this mean that there is no relation at all between the sphere of politics and the sphere of ‘economics’, as it is usually but mistakenly called? By no means. In modern politics in capitalist societies, private and fractional interests tend to coagulate around largely implicit, but no less definite, common programs, or comprehensive concepts of control.
Indeed, the employment of undocumented foreign labour has in many cases become a condition for the continued existence of small and medium-sized firms, creating a substantial economic interest in continued (illegal) immigration (Brochmann 1993: 119–120; also Papademetriou 1994: 27). Finally, the economic and political crisis of the state in many Third World countries and the resulting intensification of social and ethnic conflicts swell the ranks of international refugee movements and drive up the outward flow of migrant workers.
It matters because labour power is a fictitious commodity (Polanyi 1957; de Brunhoff 1968). In other words, although it is bought and sold in labour markets and may add value in production, it is not itself directly (re)produced in and by capitalist firms with a view to private profit. Instead, labour power enters the market economy from outside and is embodied in individuals who have other identities than that of bearers of labour power. This poses economic problems as regards its individual and collective suitability to capital’s needs and its own survival in the absence of a secure income or other assets; social problems regarding social inclusion and cohesion; and political problems regarding the legitimacy of state intervention in this area and its relation to other identities that workers may have.
Experimenting with Uncertainty: Essays in Honour of Alan Davies: Studies in Language Testing by C. Elder, A. Brown, N. Iwashita, E. Grove, K. Hill, T. Lumley, T. McNamara, K. O'Loughlin
by Charles
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