By National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
ISBN-10: 0929600045
ISBN-13: 9780929600048
ISBN-10: 1601192371
ISBN-13: 9781601192370
This document develops suggestions on radiation exposures taking place in area actions. Radiation threat estimates for carcinogenesis, genetic results and nonstochastic results have been applied to strengthen hazard comparisons on which profession publicity limits are established. an enormous results of this process is a differentiation in limits according to age and intercourse. significant sections of the document deal with radiation environments in area, radiation publicity to group of workers, radiobiological positive factors of the distance radiation surroundings, and radiation security criteria in area. The document additionally identifies wanted study appropriate to radiation exposures in house actions.
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Extra resources for Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities:
Example text
I t is assumed with confidence that late effects of electron irradia- 52 1 5. RADIOBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT tion in space can be predicted on the basis of knowledge of the effects of photon irradiation and information about the energy spectrum of the electron radiation. -A - 0 1 ELECTRONS ARGON IONS S K I N SURFRCE DOSE (GRAY I Fig. 1 Cancer yield in rat skin as a function of mrface dose (single dose 3 to 5 Gy , 300 to 500 rad in rats exposed at 28-58 days of aga Errors are estimated from total number of tumors.
Secondly, once a solar flare occurs, the capability of predicting a subsequent SPE improves. The h d e r i s t i c s of the flare, such as the energy it releases in the form of x rays or the amount and types of radio emissions, are used to predict both the likelihood of an SPE occurring and its maximum fluence rate The average delay time from maximum flare emission to the anival of the first signdieant particle fluence rates of protons, having energy of about 10 MeV is 15 hours with a range of 15 minutes to 60 hours The rise time to maximum particle fluence rate for the larger events is normally longer than one day.
As the proton slows down the rate of loss of the energy increases. At low velocities, the rate of energy loss decreases, in part, because a slow positive ion can capture and lose electrons. The depth-dose distribution in tissue exposed to a beam of monoenergetic protons is characterized by a Bragg curve which reflects the relative ionization as a function of depth. 1 INTRODUCTION / 53 the peak in tissue is dependent on the energy. The dose at the peak of the Bragg curve is, of course, greater than in the plateau region.
Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities: by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
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