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The Definitive ANTLR four Reference through Parr, Terence [Pragmatic Bookshelf, 2013]...
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Additional resources for The Definitive ANTLR 4 Reference, 2nd Edition
Sample text
One of ANTLR v4’s most significant new features is its ability to handle (most kinds of) left-recursive rules. A left-recursive rule is one that invokes itself at the start of an alternative. For example, in this grammar, rule expr has alternatives on lines 11 and 12 that recursively invoke expr on the left edge. Specifying arithmetic expression notation this way is dramatically easier than what we’d need for the typical top-down parser strategy. In that strategy, we’d need multiple rules, one for each operator precedence level.
In conjunction with semantic predicates (Boolean expressions), we can even make parts of our grammar disappear at runtime! For example, we might want to turn the enum keyword on and off in a Java grammar to parse different versions of the language. Without semantic predicates, we’d need two different versions of the grammar. Finally, we’ll zoom in on a few ANTLR features at the lexical (token) level. We’ll see how ANTLR deals with input files that contain more than one language. Then we’ll look at the awesome TokenStreamRewriter class that lets us tweak, mangle, or otherwise manipulate token streams, all without disturbing the original input stream.
First, we need to label the alternatives of the rules. ) Without labels on the alternatives, ANTLR generates only one visitor method per rule. ) In our case, we’d like a different visitor method for each alternative so that we can get different “events” for each kind of input phrase. Labels appear on the right edge of alternatives and start with the # symbol in our new grammar, LabeledExpr. g4 stat: expr NEWLINE | ID '=' expr NEWLINE | NEWLINE ; expr: | | | | ; expr op=('*'|'/') expr expr op=('+'|'-') expr INT ID '(' expr ')' # printExpr # assign # blank # # # # # MulDiv AddSub int id parens Next, let’s define some token names for the operator literals so that, later, we can reference token names as Java constants in the visitor.
The Definitive ANTLR 4 Reference, 2nd Edition by Parr
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