By Tariq Moraiwed Tell (auth.)
ISBN-10: 1137015659
ISBN-13: 9781137015655
ISBN-10: 1349290890
ISBN-13: 9781349290895
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Additional resources for The Social and Economic Origins of Monarchy in Jordan
Sample text
In ‘Ajlun, the villagers were organized into defensive communes (nahiyats), each headed by the za‘im or leader of the locality’s most powerful clan. Local sources list the dominant sedentary groupings between the Yarmouk and Zarqa rivers as the ‘Abaydat in Bani Kananah, the ‘Azzam in al-Wustiyyah, the Bataynah in Bani Juhmah, the Farayhat in Jabal ‘Ajlun, the Khasawnah and Nusayrat in Bani ‘Ubayd, the Rusan in al-Saru, the al-Shraydah in al-Kura, the ‘Utum in al-Mi‘radh, and the shaykhs of the Zu‘bi tariqah in al-Ramtha.
The latter are disaggregated in turn into “investments,” “stores,” and “claims” on kin, clients, and patrons (or in Trans-Jordan after 1851, the state). Seen in this light, the dry grain farming and pastoralism which were the mainstay of Trans-Jordan’s agricultural economy formed the main source of production entitlements, and the sale of food supplies or camels to the Hajj caravan provided Bedouin or wellplaced farmers with the opportunity to obtain additional exchange entitlements from the pilgrims.
Together with the sparsity of the sedentary population, this gave the Syrian southeast the aspect of an unpopulated agrarian frontier, with what appeared to be a vast reserve of uncultivated land. 17 On this view, the nomadic tribes—and in particular the martial, mobile, and cohesive camel herders—dominated the local order and exacted tribute (above all in the form of khuwwah or brotherhood payments) from the more sedentary sheepherders and the fallahin in return for protection against raiding (ghazuww).
The Social and Economic Origins of Monarchy in Jordan by Tariq Moraiwed Tell (auth.)
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