By Gareth Evans, John McDowell
ISBN-10: 019825007X
ISBN-13: 9780198250074
Read or Download Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics PDF
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Additional resources for Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics
Sample text
Thus � satisfies a sentence of the form A""stroke""B if and only if � fails to satisfy either A or B; and � satisfies a sentence of the form A ' ''''vn""A if and only if A is satisfied by every assignment which differs from �, if at all, in at most its nth place. With satisfaction fully characterized, the final step is to say that an L-sentence is true if and only if it is satisfied by all assignments. Suitably formalized, and en riched with the appropriate axioms of structural description and sequence theory, these clauses collectively constitute a T-theory for • ' ' ' ' , ' • MEANING AND T R UTH THEORY 13 L: for each closedL-sentence S, they entail what is got from the schema 'x is true if and only ifp' by substituting the structural description of S for 'x' and the translation of S for 'p'.
Once we have accepted that an extensional language can, by such devices, do all the descriptive work of a natural language, the first objection loses even that modicum of plausibility which it had. The objection, if coherent at all, must amount to the claim that, given a community with an extensional language, there could be no grounds, in the observable features of linguistic usage, for deciding between the different interpretations compatible with its T-theory. But to claim such a degree of indeterminacy is absurd ; for if extensionality does not as such restrict descriptive resources, it does not as such restrict the kind of empirical evidence relevant to interpretation.
The theorem will only have the required strength if the correctness of what it states depends on the fact that the English translation has the same truth conditions as the sentence structurally designated. But the theorem will only be extensional if its truth cannot be affected by any replacement of this translation by a sentence with the same truth value. Obviously we cannot have it both ways : we cannot have both extensionality of syntax and the demands of trans lation reflected in the force ofwhat is stated.
Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics by Gareth Evans, John McDowell
by Joseph
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