By F. Holland, R. Bragg
ISBN-10: 0080523692
ISBN-13: 9780080523699
This significant re-creation of a favored undergraduate textual content covers issues of curiosity to chemical engineers taking classes on fluid stream. those issues comprise non-Newtonian stream, gas-liquid two-phase circulate, pumping and combining. It expands at the reasons of ideas given within the first version and is extra self-contained. powerful positive aspects of the 1st variation have been the broad derivation of equations and labored examples to demonstrate calculation techniques. those were retained. a brand new prolonged introductory bankruptcy has been supplied to offer the scholar an intensive foundation to appreciate the equipment lined in next chapters.
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Extra resources for Fluid flow for chemical engineers
Example text
Both positive and negative sign conventions for stress components are used in the fluid flow literature and each convention has its advantages. When the velocity gradient is negative, as in flow in a pipe, the negative sign convention is slightly more convenient than the positive sign convention. In addition, the analogy between momentum transfer and heat or mass transfer has the same sign when the negative convention is used. The negative sign convention for stress components will be used throughout the remainder of this book.
This force is measured as positive in the positive x-direction. These equations are valid when there is no accumulation of momentum within the section. 23, the averages are taken over the fixed volume V of the section. This term is simply the rate of change of the momentum of the fluid instantaneously contained in the section. It is clear that accumulation of momentum may occur with unsteady flow even if the flow is incompressible. In general, the mass flow rates M I and M2 into and out of the section need not be equal but, by continuity, they must be equal for incompressible or steady compressible flow.
8. However, in order to derive general equations for an arbitrary flow field it is necessary to adopt a formal sign convention for the stress components. Before describing the two sign conventions that may be used, it may be helpful to consider a loose analogy with elementary mechanics. It is required to calculate the acceleration of a car from its mass and the forces acting on the car, all of which are known. It is necessary to evaluate the net FLUIOS IN MOTION 37 force acting in the direction of motion and this can be done in two equivalent ways: (i) net force = sum of forces acting in direction of motion (ii) net force = propulsive forces - retarding forces In (i) all forces are taken as acting in the direction of motion so the propulsive forces are positive but the retarding forces must be entered as negative quantities.
Fluid flow for chemical engineers by F. Holland, R. Bragg
by Donald
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