New PDF release: General History of Africa, Volume 4: Africa from the Twelfth

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Extra resources for General History of Africa, Volume 4: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century

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See Lévi-Provençal, 1928a, pp. 34-6 and passim; Ibn 'Idhârï al-Marrâkushï, loc. , pp. 188 and 337; Ibn al-Kattân, op. , pp. 28, 30, 74, 76 and 97; Ibn Abï Zar', loc. , p. 113. 41. I. U . A . M u s a , 1969, p. 59; Huici Miranda, 1956b, Vol. 1, p. 101; Ibn al-Kattân, op. , pp. 102-3. 27 Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century trustworthy m e n , w h o m he consulted on important questions and charged with the execution of great decisions. A m o n g them, al-Bashïr was often, and ' A b d al-Mu'min, ' U m a r Asnadj and M ü s ä Ibn Tamara were sometimes, given military commands.

50 These forms of organization allowed intensive and often effective indoctrination, whose twofold purpose seems to have been to inculcate in the Almohads a feeling of exclusivity and an attitude of systematic, violent hostility towards non-Almohads. This dual attitude was to ensure perfect obedience, as produced by the system of education. T h e latter was based on three elements: the ideas of Ibn Tümart, the sources and approaches to knowledge that he had authorized, and the methods of acquiring knowledge that he had laid d o w n .

1903, p. 271. 26. See Ibn Tümart's letter to the Almohad community, translated by E . Lévi-Provençal, op. , p. 78, in which he warns his followers against the tendency to circumscribe G o d with limits and directions, which leads to making G o d a creature; anyone who reaches that point is like someone who worships an idol. 27. See R. Bourouiba, 1973, p. 145. 22 The unification of the Maghrib under the Almohads attributes inherent in His essence, and against the traditionalists, w h o held that these attributes were distinct from His essence.

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